I've made it clear before that nobody should be using epidemiology for anything other then generating a hypothesis to perform further studies on, and none of it should be in the news, and it should not inform your personal dietary choices.

Dr Ede has also said the same, but more elegantly - https://www.diagnosisdiet.com/full-article/epidemiological-studies

People like to throw walls of epidemiology around as magical argument win devices, which isn't sensible. To address that, here is a counter to the anti-meat bias.. If you say your epidemiology isn't bullshit then you have to accept my epidemiology. If my epidemiology is bullshit (which it is) then your epidemiology is also bullshit.

Meat, poultry, red meat

• Meat consumption and risk of 25 common conditions: outcome-wide analyses in 475,000 men and women in the UK Biobank study — Higher unprocessed red meat and poultry intake associated with lower iron-deficiency anemia risk.
• Meat intake and cause-specific mortality: a pooled analysis of Asian prospective cohort studies — Red meat, poultry, fish, and seafood showed inverse associations for selected mortality outcomes in Asian cohorts.
• Unprocessed Meat Consumption and Incident Cardiovascular Diseases in Korean Adults: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study — Moderate total unprocessed meat intake inversely associated with incident cardiovascular disease; poultry also showed lower CVD risk.
• Mortality from different causes associated with meat, heme iron, nitrates, and nitrites in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study — Higher white-meat intake associated with lower all-cause mortality and lower mortality from several causes.
• White Meat Consumption, All-Cause Mortality, and Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies — White-meat intake inversely associated with all-cause mortality.
• Meat consumption and risk of lung cancer: evidence from observational studies — Poultry consumption associated with lower lung-cancer risk.
• Dietary poultry intake and the risk of stroke: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies — Poultry intake was not associated with total stroke risk overall; a nonlinear lower-risk point appeared around one serving per week.
• Association of Red Meat and Poultry Consumption With the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies — Poultry intake associated with lower metabolic-syndrome risk.
• Associations between meat consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and older adults with frailty — Higher unprocessed poultry intake and moderate unprocessed red-meat intake associated with reduced all-cause and cause-specific mortality in frail adults.
• Effects of meat consumption and vegetarian diet on risk of wrist fracture over 25 years in a cohort of peri- and postmenopausal women — Meat intake associated with lower wrist-fracture risk in some intake strata.
• Association of Red Meat Intake with the Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in General Japanese Stratified by Kidney Function: NIPPON DATA80 — Higher red-meat intake associated with lower future CVD mortality in women with reduced kidney function.
• Meat consumption and risk of incident dementia: cohort study of 493,888 UK Biobank participants — Unprocessed red-meat intake inversely associated with incident dementia, especially among APOE4 carriers.
• Meat Consumption and Cognitive Health by APOE Genotype — Higher total meat intake associated with better cognitive trajectories and lower dementia risk in APOE ε4 carriers.
• Association of dietary meat consumption habits with neurodegenerative cognitive impairment: an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 24 prospective cohort studies — Fish and poultry intake associated with lower neurodegenerative cognitive-impairment risk.

Fish and seafood

• Apolipoprotein E Genotype, Meat, Fish, and Egg Intake in Relation to Mortality Among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis in China — Fish intake associated with lower mortality among APOE ε4 carriers.
• Fish consumption and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies — Higher fish intake associated with lower all-cause mortality.
• Accumulated Evidence on Fish Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies — Eating fish at least weekly associated with lower CHD mortality.
• Fish consumption and CHD mortality: an updated meta-analysis of seventeen cohort studies — Low-to-moderate weekly fish intake associated with lower CHD mortality.
• Fish Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis — Fish consumption associated with lower coronary-heart-disease incidence and mortality.
• Fish consumption and risk of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis suggests a regional difference — Fish consumption associated with lower myocardial-infarction risk in meta-analysis, with regional differences.
• Fish consumption, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids intake and risk of stroke: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis — Fish consumption associated with lower stroke risk.
• Fish Consumption and the Risk of Chronic Disease: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies — Fish intake associated with lower all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, CHD, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, depression, and liver cancer across reviewed meta-analyses.
• Relations Between the Consumption of Fatty or Lean Fish and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis — Fatty-fish intake inversely associated with CHD incidence, CHD mortality, and total mortality.
• Associations of Fish Consumption With Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Among Individuals With or Without Vascular Disease From 58 Countries — Fish intake associated with lower major CVD and mortality among people with prior vascular disease.
• Fish consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies — Fish intake associated with lower CHD and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes.
• Fish consumption in relation to myocardial infarction, stroke and mortality among women and men with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study — Fish intake associated with lower myocardial-infarction incidence and lower mortality among people with type 2 diabetes.
• Fish consumption and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies — Fish intake inversely associated with CVD mortality.
• Fish consumption and all-cause mortality in a cohort of Swedish men and women — Fish intake showed a U-shaped association with mortality; moderate intake was associated with lower mortality, especially among women.
• Association of fish and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids intakes with total and cause-specific mortality: prospective analysis of 421,309 individuals — Fish and long-chain omega-3 intake associated with lower total and cause-specific mortality.
• Association of fish consumption with risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study — Moderate fish intake, about 4–6 servings per week, associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
• Association between fish consumption and risk of dementia: a new study from China and a systematic literature review and meta-analysis — Fish intake associated with lower dementia and Alzheimer disease risk.
• Fish consumption and the risk of dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies — Highest fish intake associated with lower dementia risk.
• Consumption of Fish and n-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease — Weekly fish consumption associated with lower incident Alzheimer disease risk.
• Fish intake and risk of depression: a meta-analysis — Higher fish intake associated with lower depression risk.
• Dietary n-3 PUFA, fish consumption and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies — Fish consumption inversely associated with depression.
• Fish Consumption and the Risk of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies — Higher fish intake associated with lower depression risk in updated observational meta-analysis.
• Increased intake of marine fish contributed to a decreased odds of comorbid depressive symptoms and coronary heart disease in Chinese adults — Marine-fish intake associated with lower odds of comorbid depressive symptoms and coronary heart disease.
• Fish Intake and Risk of Liver Cancer: A Meta-Analysis — Higher fish intake associated with lower liver-cancer risk.
• Fish consumption could reduce the risk of oral cancer in Europeans: a meta-analysis — Fish consumption associated with lower oral-cancer risk in European populations.
• Fish consumption and colorectal cancer risk in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis — Fish consumption associated with lower colorectal-cancer risk.
• Fish consumption and risk of gastrointestinal cancers: A meta-analysis of cohort studies — Regular or higher fish consumption associated with lower gastrointestinal-cancer risk, including colorectal, esophageal, and hepatocellular cancers.
• Higher freshwater fish and sea fish intake is inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk among Chinese population: a case-control study — Higher freshwater-fish and sea-fish intake associated with lower colorectal-cancer risk.

Animal fat, butter, dairy fat, full-fat dairy

• Is Butter Back? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Butter Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Total Mortality — Butter consumption modestly inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk.
• Associations of common fats and oils with cardiometabolic health outcomes in the Framingham Offspring cohort — Butter intake above 5 g/day associated with less insulin resistance, higher HDL-C, lower triglycerides, lower triglyceride-to-HDL ratio, and lower type 2 diabetes risk.
• Food sources of fat may clarify the inconsistent role of dietary fat intake for incidence of type 2 diabetes — High-fat dairy products associated with lower type 2 diabetes incidence.
• Full-Fat Dairy Food Intake is Associated with a Lower Risk of Incident Diabetes Among American Indians with Low Total Dairy Food Intake — Higher full-fat dairy intake associated with lower incident diabetes risk among American Indians with low total dairy intake.
• trans-Palmitoleic acid, other dairy fat biomarkers, and incident diabetes: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis — Dairy-fat biomarkers associated with lower incident diabetes risk.
• Circulating Biomarkers of Dairy Fat and Risk of Incident Diabetes Mellitus Among Men and Women in the United States in Two Large Prospective Cohorts — Dairy-fat biomarkers associated with lower incident diabetes risk.
• Fatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies — Dairy-fat biomarkers associated with lower type 2 diabetes incidence.
• Biomarkers of dairy fat intake, incident cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: A cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis — Dairy-fat biomarkers 15:0 and 17:0 associated with lower cardiovascular-disease risk.
• Saturated fat from dairy sources is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk in the Framingham Offspring Study — Saturated fat from dairy sources associated with lower cardiometabolic risk markers in the Framingham Offspring Study.
• Total, low-fat, and full-fat dairy consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome among workers — Full-fat dairy intake showed a possible inverse association with metabolic syndrome; top-tertile confidence interval crossed 1, while trend testing was significant.
• Total and Full-Fat, but Not Low-Fat, Dairy Product Intakes are Inversely Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Adults — Full-fat dairy intake inversely associated with metabolic syndrome.
• Higher regular fat dairy consumption is associated with lower incidence of metabolic syndrome but not type 2 diabetes — Regular-fat dairy intake associated with lower metabolic-syndrome incidence.
• Association of dairy consumption with metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes in 147,812 individuals from 21 countries — Whole-fat dairy and total dairy associated with lower metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and diabetes outcomes.
• Association of dairy intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study — Dairy intake associated with lower mortality and major CVD; whole-fat dairy subgroup showed favorable associations.
• High- and Low-Fat Dairy Consumption and Long-Term Risk of Dementia — High-fat cheese and cream intake associated with lower long-term dementia risk.