Electric cars have crossed lifetime cost parity with petrol vehicles across much of Europe. In the used-car market they now have the lowest total cost of ownership.

Newer models even match petrol cars in estimated lifespan, that's something early EVs could not claim.

This study shows that any new electric vehicle sold today will bring financial benefits to its second and third owner. New electric cars registered now will deliver between €262 and €849/year savings for their future second and third owners compared to an equivalent petrol car.